Who won the recent battles in Iraq? It is clearly too soon to tell. The military and political complexities are sufficiently murky that both sides are laying claim to possession of the Iraq political football. Democrats, surprise, surprise, are calling it a failure, Republicans are alleging progress. Not much is known yet, and I know much less than some, but I think the tea leaves do reveal a few patterns:
The Maliki government initiated the crackdown on the Shia militias. It was not a response to a provocation. The militias have been laying low, not looking for a fight. This aggressiveness on the part of the government is a good sign. Pundits and politicians of all stripes have been saying for some time now that the real test of the infant Shia-dominated government of Iraq, will be taking on the Shia militias, especially Muqtada Al Sadr’s Mahdi Army. Now they have.
Al Sadr fairly quickly ordered his fighters to stand down. The Iraqi Army then did not go after them, but stood down themselves. This is good and not so good. If the intention was to destroy the Mahdi Army, it is not so good, but who knows if that was the objective? Maybe Maliki was over-optimistic, or maybe he just wanted to knock Al Sadr back a bit, kill a bunch of his guys and show everybody who’s boss. Who knows? Not me, that’s for sure. It is somewhat reminiscent of the Israel/Hezbollah mini-war in Lebanon. Israel didn’t achieve their objectives, but on the other hand, Hezbollah suffered far greater losses than Israel. Who won? Hezbollah still exists, but they’re probably not very eager to get into another fight with the Jews.
Muqtada Al Sadr made demands to be met in exchange for a ceasefire, but he then withdrew his forces before his demands were met. So Maliki has not had to promise anything publicly in exchange for the ceasefire. This is a pretty obvious sign of weakness on Al Sadr’s part, visible to all observers, and therefore a good thing.
All in all it looks like to me like Al Sadr has been weakened and the Iraqi government has been strengthened to some degree. The militias have suffered heavy casualties, but they still control most of Basra. The long-run objective is to attain a monopoly of force for the elected government of Iraq, a worthy, as yet unrealized, goal, but they look closer to it than the government of Lebanon, or even maybe Pakistan for that matter.
It took the United States government until 1865 to establish a monopoly of force, 78 years if you date from the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Events proceed at a much faster pace these days, so, one way or another, it will probably not take near so long for Iraq’s national fate to be determined. Our own history should at least inspire a willingness to grant Maliki and the government of Iraq a little bit more slack than the Democrats are willing to yield, or the media, or, unfortunately, most, perhaps, of the American people.